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Wayzata World Factbook 1996
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The World Factbook - 1996 Edition - Wayzata Technology (3079) (1996).iso
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terror
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17novem
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Revolutionary Organization 17 November (17 November)
Description
A radical leftist group established in 1975 and named for the November 1973
student uprising protesting the military regime. Anti-US, anti-Turkish,
anti-NATO; committed to violent overthrow of the regime, ouster of US bases,
removal of Turkish military presence from Cyprus, and severing of Greece's
ties to NATO and the EC. Organization is obscure, possibly affiliated with
other Greek terrorist groups.
Activities
Initial attacks were selected handgun assassinations against senior US
officials, including US Embassy official Richard Welch in 1975 and US Navy
Capt. George Tsantes in 1983. Began assassinating Greek officials and
public figures in 1976 and added bombings, including attacks against US
military buses in 1987 and assassination of US defense attache William
Nordeen in 1988. Since 1990 has expanded targeting to include EC facilities
and foreign firms investing in Greece and added improvised rocket attacks to
its methods. Such an attack against the Greek Finance Minister in 1992
killed a passerby, 17 November's first "civilian" casualty. In 1991 was
responsible for at least five of the 15 terrorist attacks against Coalition
targets in Greece during the Gulf war, including the assassination in March
of a US Army sergeant. Also stepped up attacks against Turkish interests
with attempted murder of Turkish Embassy official in July 1991, and
assassination of Turkish Embassy press attache in October 1991.
Strength
Unknown, but presumed to be small.
Location/Area of operation Greece, primarily in Athens metropolitan area.
External Aid
May receive support from other Greek terrorist group cadres.
March 1995:
17 November organization in Greece is growing. This group has
been blamed for attacks on Greek citizens and businesses, as well as U.S.
and Turkish diplomats.
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SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
DECEMBER, 1975:
ASSASSINATED U.S. EMBASSY OFFICIAL RICHARD WELCH.
JANUARY, 1979:
MURDERED A GREEK POLICE OFFICER.
JANUARY, 1980:
MURDERED THE DEPUTY CHIEF OF THE GREEK RIOT POLICE AND HIS
CHAUFFEUR.
NOVEMBER, 1983:
MURDERED U.S. NAVY CAPTAIN GEORGE TSANTES AND HIS DRIVER
APRIL, 1984:
SHOT AND WOUNDED A U.S. ARMY SENIOR NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER AS THE
VICTIM WAS TRANSPORTING DOCUMENTS. THE INTENDED VICTIM PROBABLY
SAVED HIS LIFE BY BEING ALERT AND TAKING EVASIVE ACTION WHEN HE
NOTED THE TWO TERRORISTS APPROACH HIS CAR ON A MOTORCYCLE.
FEBRUARY, 1985:
ASSASSINATED CONSERVATIVE GREEK NEWSPAPER EDITOR AND HIS CHAUFFEUR.
THE COMMUNIQUE CLAIMING RESPONSIBILITY DENOUNCED THE JOURNALIST AS
ONE OF THE "...FASCIST AGENTS OF THE CIA."
NOVEMBER, 1985:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR BOMBING A GREEK POLICE BUS, KILLING ONE
POLICE OFFICER.
APRIL, 1986:
ASSASSINATED A RETIRED GREEK INDUSTRIALIST.
OCTOBER, 1986:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR BOMBING FOUR GREEK GOVERNMENT OFFICES,
INCLUDING THREE TAX OFFICES. THE 17 NOVEMBER COMMUNIQUE DENOUNCED
THE GREEK TAX SYSTEM. THE ELA ALSO CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE
BOMBINGS.
FEBRUARY, 1987:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR MAIMING A WEALTHY GREEK PHYSICIAN.
APRIL, 1987:
BOMBED A BUS CARRYING U.S. AND GREEK MILITARY PERSONNEL NEAR
ATHENS. EIGHTEEN PERSONS, INCLUDING SIXTEEN AMERICANS, WERE
INJURED.
AUGUST, 1987:
BOMBED A U.S. BUS IN VOULA, INJURING TEN U.S. SERVICE MEMBERS.
JANUARY, 1988:
ATTEMPTED ASSASSINATION OF A U.S. DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION
(DEA) AGENT IN ATHENS.
MAY, 1988:
PLACED HIGH EXPLOSIVES ON TWO AUTOMOBILES BELONGING TO THE
TURKISH EMBASSY IN ATHENS.
JUNE, 1988:
DETONATED A CAR BOMB THAT KILLED U.S. DEFENSE ATTACHE CAPTAIN
WILLIAM NORDEEN SHORTLY AFTER HE LEFT HIS ATHENS RESIDENCE.
JANUARY, 1989:
SHOT THREE PUBLIC PROSECUTORS IN THREE SEPARATE INCIDENTS. ONE OF
THE VICTIMS WAS KILLED ON THE SPOT, ANOTHER WAS CRITICALLY WOUNDED
AND SUBSQUENTLY DIED OF HIS INJURIES. THE THIRD VICTIM WAS WOUNDED.
MAY, 1989:
FAILED ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT AGAINST A FORMER PUBLIC ORDER
MINISTER.
SEPTEMBER, 1989:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ASSASSINATION OF A MEMBER OF THE
GREEK PARLIAMENT.
FEBRUARY, 1990:
CLAIMED THE THEFT OF ROCKETS, AMMUNITION, HAND GRENADES, BAZOOKAS,
AND OTHER ORDNANCE FROM A MILITARY WAREHOUSE IN DECEMBER, 1989 AND
A MILITARY MUSEUM IN FEBRUARY, 1990.
JUNE, 1990:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR A ROCKET ATTACK ON A BUILDING WHICH WAS
OCCUPIED BY PROCTOR AND GAMBLE. APPARENTLY THE GROUP STAGED THE
ATTACK IN PROTEST OF THE PURCHASE OF A GREEK FIRM BY PROCTOR AND
GAMBLE. THE GOVERNMENT OF GREECE CONFIRMED THAT THE WEAPONS USED
IN THIS ATTACK WERE STOLEN FROM THE MILITARY MUSEUM AND MILITARY
WAREHOUSE IN DECEMBER, 1989 AND FEBRUARY, 1990.
JANUARY, 1991:
BOMBED TWO BRANCH OFFICES OF CITIBANK AND A BRANCH OFFICE OF
BARCLAY'S BANK.
JANUARY, 1991:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR A ROCKET ATTACK ON AN AMERICAN EXPRESS
OFFICE AND A GREEK INSURANCE FIRM.
MARCH, 1991:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE MURDER OF A U.S. AIR FORCE SGT.
MAY, 1991:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR A ROCKET ATTACK ON THE OFFICES OF THE
SIEMENS COMPANY.
MAY, 1991:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR A ROCKET ATTACK ON A GERMAN-OWNED
BREWERY, APPROXIMATELY SIXTY MILES NORTH OF ATHENS.
JULY, 1991:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ATTEMPTED ASSASSINATION, BY CAR
BOMB, OF THE ACTING TURKISH AMBASSADOR TO GREECE. THE TARGET, TWO
OF HIS STAFF, AND A PASSERBY WERE INJURED.
OCTOBER, 1991:
MURDERED THE DEPUTY PRESS ATTACHE OF THE TURKISH EMBASSY IN ATHENS.
NOVEMBER, 1991:
A POLICE OFFICER WAS KILLED WHEN TWO ROCKETS WERE FIRED AT A POLICE
BUS IN CENTRAL ATHENS.
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THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM STATE DEPARTMENT, DEPARTMENT OF
DEFENSE AND PUBLIC MEDIA SOURCE DOCUMENTS.